The MD-90 and the subsequent MD-95/Boeing 717 were derivatives of the MD-80 which, itself, was a derivative commercially introduced in 1980 from the DC-9 . MD-90 dan selanjutnya MD-95/Boeing 717 adalah turunan dari MD-80 yang, itu sendiri, adalah derivatif diperkenalkan secara komersial pada tahun 1980 dari DC-9.
Desain dan pembangunan
Latar
The Douglas Aircraft Company developed the DC-9 in the 1960s as a short-range companion to their larger DC-8 . [ 2 ] The DC-9 was an all-new design, using two rear fuselage-mounted turbofan engines, and a T-tail. The Douglas Aircraft Company mengembangkan DC-9 pada 1960-an sebagai pendamping jangka pendek untuk mereka yang lebih besar DC-8. [2] The DC-9 adalah sebuah semua-desain baru, menggunakan dua pesawat-mount belakang mesin turbofan, dan sebuah T-ekor. The DC-9 has a narrow-body fuselage design with a 5-abreast seating with a capacity of 80 to 135 passengers depending on seating arrangement and aircraft version. DC-9 memiliki tubuh yang sempit desain pesawat dengan 5-mengikuti tempat duduk dengan kapasitas 80-135 penumpang tergantung pada pengaturan kursi dan versi pesawat.
The second generation of the DC-9 was originally called the DC-9-80 series or the DC-9 Super 80 but later marketed as the MD-80 [ 3 ] and entered service in 1980. Generasi kedua DC-9 ini awalnya adalah DC-9-80 seri atau DC-9 Super 80 namun kemudian dipasarkan sebagai MD-80 [3] dan mulai beroperasi pada 1980. The MD-80 series was then developed into the MD-90 entering service in 1995. MD-80 seri ini kemudian dikembangkan menjadi MD-90 memasuki pelayanan pada tahun 1995. The last variant of the family was the MD-95, which was renamed the Boeing 717-200 after McDonnell Douglas (successor to Douglas Aircraft Company) merged with Boeing in 1997. [ 4 ] Varian terakhir dari keluarga adalah MD-95, yang berganti nama menjadi Boeing 717-200 setelah McDonnell Douglas (pengganti kepada Douglas Aircraft Company) bergabung dengan Boeing pada tahun 1997. [4]
MD-90
The MD-90 is a mid-size, medium-range airliner that was developed from the MD-80 series. MD-90 adalah ukuran pertengahan, pesawat jarak menengah yang dikembangkan dari MD-80 series. It is a 5 feet (1.5 m) longer, and updated version of the MD-88 with similar electronic flight instrument system (EFIS) and more powerful, quieter and fuel efficient IAE V2500 engines instead of the JT8D engines, which power the MD-80 series. Ini adalah 5 kaki (1,5 m) lebih lama, dan versi terbaru dari MD-88 yang sama sistem instrumen terbang elektronik (EFIS) dan lebih kuat, lebih tenang dan efisien bahan bakar IAE V2500 sebagai pengganti mesin JT8D mesin, mana kekuasaan MD - 80 seri. Typical seating for the MD-90 ranges from 153 to 172 passengers depending on seating arrangement. [ 5 ] Khas tempat duduk untuk MD-90 berkisar 153-172 penumpang tergantung pada pengaturan tempat duduk. [5]
The MD-90 program was launched in November 1989. MD-90 program ini diluncurkan pada bulan November 1989. The aircraft first flew on February 22, 1993 and the first MD-90 was delivered to Delta Airlines in February 1995. [ 6 ] The MD-90 was produced adjacent to the Long Beach Airport in Long Beach, California, United States, though two aircraft were produced at Jiangwan Airfield in Shanghai, People's Republic of China. [ 7 ] The MD-90 was produced in two versions: -30 and -30ER. Pesawat terbang pertama pada 22 Februari 1993 dan MD-90 pertama dikirimkan ke Delta Airlines pada Februari 1995. [6] The MD-90 yang diproduksi berdekatan dengan Bandara Long Beach di Long Beach, California, Amerika Serikat, meskipun dua pesawat diproduksi di Jiangwan Airfield di Shanghai, People's Republic of China. [7] The MD-90 yang diproduksi dalam dua versi: -30 dan-30ER. The -30 had a range of 2,400 miles (3,860 km). The -30 memiliki kisaran 2.400 mil (3.860 km). The -30ER had a higher gross weight and range up to 2,750 miles (4,426 km) with an auxiliary fuel tank. The-30ER memiliki berat bruto yang lebih tinggi dan jangkauan hingga 2.750 mil (4.426 km) dengan tangki bahan bakar tambahan. An even longer range version, the -50 was offered but was not ordered. [ 8 ] Rentang yang lebih panjang lagi versi, -50 ditawari tapi tidak diperintahkan. [8]
The initial MD-90s featured a glass cockpit similar to the MD-88's cockpit. [ 9 ] The 29 MD-90s delivered to Saudi Arabian Airlines feature a full glass cockpit with avionics and an overhead display panel similar to the MD-11's cockpit for easy transition for the pilots within Saudi Arabian Airlines, which operate the MD-11. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] MD-awal 90-an menampilkan kaca yang mirip dengan kokpit MD-88's kokpit. [9] The 29 MD-90 dikirim ke Saudi Arabian Airlines fitur segelas penuh kokpit dengan avionik dan layar overhead panel mirip dengan MD-11's kokpit untuk transisi mudah bagi para pilot dalam Saudi Arabian Airlines, yang mengoperasikan MD-11. [9] [10]
No MD-90 orders were received after Boeing and McDonnell Douglas merged in 1997 due to internal competition with Boeing's 737 . [ 11 ] Delta Air Lines had initially placed a large order for the MD-90 to replace some aging Boeing 727s . Tidak MD-90 perintah yang diterima setelah Boeing dan McDonnell Douglas merger pada tahun 1997 karena kompetisi internal dengan Boeing 737. [11] Delta Air Lines pada awalnya ditempatkan pesanan besar untuk MD-90 untuk menggantikan beberapa penuaan Boeing 727s. After the Boeing-McDonnell Douglas merger, Delta canceled their remaining 19 MD-90 orders in favor of the Boeing 737-800 . [ 11 ] [ 12 ] A total of 40 MD-90s (later 20) were to be assembled under contract in Shanghai, People's Republic of China under the Trunkliner program, [ 13 ] [ 14 ] but Boeing's decision to phase out the MD-90 resulted in only two built by Shanghai Aircraft . [ 15 ] Setelah Boeing-McDonnell Douglas merger, Delta dibatalkan yang tersisa 19 MD-90 perintah yang menguntungkan Boeing 737-800. [11] [12] A total of 40 MD-90s (kemudian 20) adalah untuk dirakit berdasarkan kontrak di Shanghai, People's Republic of China di bawah program Trunkliner, [13] [14] tapi keputusan Boeing fase keluar MD-90 menghasilkan hanya dua yang dibangun oleh Shanghai Aircraft. [15]
MD-90 production at Long Beach, California ended in 2000 with the last airplane being delivered to Saudi Arabian Airlines, [ 11 ] and MD-90T production at Shanghai ended in 2000. MD-90 produksi di Long Beach, California berakhir pada 2000 dengan pesawat terakhir yang disampaikan ke Saudi Arabian Airlines, [11] dan MD-90T produksi di Shanghai berakhir pada tahun 2000. With 116 MD-90 aircraft produced, the MD-90 production run was the smallest among the DC-9 family. [ 1 ] The main competitors of the MD-90 included the Airbus A320 and the Boeing 737-800 . Dengan 116 pesawat MD-90 yang diproduksi, MD-90 produksi dijalankan adalah yang terkecil di antara keluarga DC-9. [1] pesaing utama dari MD-90 termasuk Airbus A320 dan Boeing 737-800.
Operator
Major airlines that have operated the MD-90 include Delta Air Lines , Saudi Arabian Airlines and Japan Air System (JAS). [ 16 ] Mayor maskapai penerbangan yang telah mengoperasikan MD-90 termasuk Delta Air Lines, Saudi Arabian Airlines dan Japan Air System (JAS). [16]
In August 2009, a total of 109 MD-90 aircraft (all variants) were in airline service, including: [ 17 ] Pada bulan Agustus 2009, total 109 pesawat MD-90 (semua varian) berada di layanan penerbangan, termasuk: [17]
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Saudi Arabian Airlines (29) Saudi Arabian Airlines (29)
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Delta Air Lines (16) Delta Air Lines (16)
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Japan Airlines (16) Japan Airlines (16)
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China Southern (13) China Southern (13)
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Uni Air (11) Uni Air (11)
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-
Blue1 (5) Blue1 (5)
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Hello Airlines (5) Hello Airlines (5)
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Lion Air (5) Lion Air (5)
Varian
- MD-90-30 MD-90-30
- Basic variant with two V2500 engines and an EFIS cockpit. Dasar varian dengan dua mesin V2500 dan EFIS kokpit.
- MD-90-30IGW MD-90-30IGW
- Increased Gross Weight version, one built. Peningkatan Gross Weight versi, satu dibangun.
- MD-90-30ER MD-90-30ER
- Extended Range (ER) version of MD-90-30, two built. Extended Range (ER) versi MD-90-30, dua dibangun.
- MD-90-30T "Trunkliner" MD-90-30T "Trunkliner"
- Variant of the MD-90-30 assembled by Shanghai Aviation Industrial Corporation in the People's Republic of China. Varian dari MD-90-30 dikumpulkan oleh Shanghai Aviation Industrial Corporation di People's Republic of China. Production was initially planned to be 40, [ 18 ] later reduced to 20, [ 19 ] with only two built in the end. [ 20 ] To accommodate the heavy aircraft on unsuitable runways, a dual tandem landing gear with more tires to spread the weight of the aircraft was designed for the Trunkliner, [ 21 ] but ultimately not used in the two aircraft produced. [ 22 ] The ACAC ARJ21 is built using tooling sold for the MD-90-30. [ 23 ] Produksi awalnya direncanakan untuk menjadi 40, [18] kemudian dikurangi hingga 20, [19] dengan hanya dua yang dibangun pada akhirnya. [20] Untuk menampung pesawat yang berat tidak cocok landasan pacu, tandem dual landing gear dengan lebih ban untuk menyebarkan berat pesawat ini dirancang untuk Trunkliner, [21] tetapi akhirnya tidak digunakan dalam dua pesawat yang dihasilkan. [22] The ACAC ARJ21 dibangun menggunakan perkakas dijual untuk MD-90-30. [23]
Insiden dan kecelakaan
As of September 2009, the MD-90 has been involved in 59 incidents, [ 24 ] including 1 hull-loss accident , [ 25 ] with 1 fatality. [ 26 ] Sebagai September 2009, MD-90 telah terlibat di 59 insiden, [24] termasuk 1 lambung-kerugian kecelakaan, [25] dengan 1 kematian. [26]
- Notable accidents and incidents Terkemuka kecelakaan dan insiden
- An MD-90 was involved in one hull-loss accident in 1999 when a UNI Air aircraft caught fire after a passenger's carry-on luggage containing gasoline ignited another passenger's carry-on luggage containing a motorcycle battery. MD-90 yang terlibat dalam satu lambung-kerugian kecelakaan pada tahun 1999 ketika sebuah pesawat udara UNI terbakar setelah membawa penumpang-on koper berisi bensin memicu penumpang lain barang di bagasi sepeda motor yang berisi baterai. One person was killed as a result of the cabin fire. [ 27 ] Satu orang tewas akibat kebakaran kabin. [27]
Spesifikasi
| MD-90-30 MD-90-30 | MD-90-30ER MD-90-30ER | |
|---|---|---|
| Passengers Penumpang | 153 (2 class) 153 (2 kelas) 172 (1 class) 172 (1 kelas) | |
| Max Take-off Weight Max Take-off Weight | 156,000 lb £ 156,000 (70,760 kg) (70.760 kg) | 168,000 lb £ 168,000 (76,204 kg) (76.204 kg) |
| Take off run at MTOW Lepas landas pada MTOW | 7450 ft (2.270 m) 7.450 ft (2,270 m) | |
| Range Jangkauan | 2,085 nmi (3,860 km) 2.085 nm (3.860 km) | 2,172 nmi (4,023 km) 2.172 nm (4.023 km) *2,389 nmi (4,424 km) * 2.389 nm (4.424 km) |
| Cruise Speed, typical Cruise Speed, khas | Mach 0.76 (504 mph , 811 km/h) Mach 0,76 (504 mph, 811 km / h) | |
| Length Panjang | 152 ft 7 in 152 ft 7 in (46.5 m) (46,5 m) | |
| Wing span Wing span | 107 ft 10 in 107 ft 10 in (32.87 m) (32,87 m) | |
| Height Ketinggian | 30 ft 6 in 30 ft 6 in (9.4 m) (9,4 m) | |
| Power plant (2 x) Power plant (2 x) | IAE V2525-D5 IAE V2525-D5 25,000 lbf (111.21 kN) 25.000 lbf (111,21 kN) Optional: IAE V2528-D5 Opsional: IAE V2528-D5 28,000 lbf (124.55 kN) 28.000 lbf (124,55 kN) | |
Note: * With extra 565 gallon auxiliary fuel tank. Catatan: * Dengan tambahan 565 galon tangki bahan bakar tambahan.
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